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The
traditional churches of Chiloé are characterized by the
best use of environment resources, particularly the local wood,
the interrelation with the landscape and for the making true
of a mix cosmovision of aboriginals and Spaniards.
The churches belong to a typology
of common and essential features, expressed in shapes, sizes
and proportions with multiple variations.
These temples stand near the
coast, most of them are protected by the northern mountains
and have a southern front doors, so that they were protected
by the northern mountains and have southern front doors, so
that they were sheltered from the rain. Churches are often looking
to an esplanade that turns into a squere or just a simple space
hedged by trees. Its size is not only related to the church
dimensions, but also to the importance of the religious festivities
held in the surroundings.
The temples consist of a big
hermetic horizontal volume, the roof is of angled shape and
is normally set on stoned foundations to avoid humidity.
The have a facade tower, that is the characteristic element
of these type of constructions, which culminated as the typical
pattern of Chiloé churches, in XIX century. This
facade tower is very simetric and it is formed by an arched
entrance gate at the front. |
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The
tower hold the cross and the belfry, which serve as reference for
fishers and sailors. Inside the temple stands a basilican plant and
three naves from which only the one located at the center reaches
the background wall, while the two at both sides go up to a thin wall
where the sacristy takes place and the room where liturgic objects
are found. The naves are separated by wooden columns, which are mostly
set in stones. The ceiling of Achao church is formed by segments distributed
in five longitudinal grooves.
Presently
there are over 60 churches in Chiloé that correspond to this
typology, and are know as School of Religious Wooden Architecture
of Chiloé. Sixteen of these churches - the same most representative
ones-are also considered National Monument, in Chile and World Heritage
by UNESCO. |
Source and
Photos: Servicio Nacional de Turismo - Gobierno de Chile
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